This information is then used by the ECU to calculate the amount of fuel needed for the correct air-fuel mixture. The Vane Air Flow sensor is based on the equation for orifice flow, where the kinetic energy of the air flow is converted to pressure energy at the vane. Mass Air Flow Housing & Sensor Kits include a replacement MAF Housing in either Aluminum or Black finish with a tuned MAF Sensor. Posted November 17, 2004. This information is then used by the ECU to calculate the amount of fuel needed for the correct air-fuel mixture. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases NewYall Mass Air Flow MAF Sensor with Housing . It’s not the bulb looking thing you see, that’s the temperature sensor (see red arrow in my photo). 132 13 Mass Air Flow sensor out of calibration 132 14 MAF sensor calibration failed TROUBLESHOOTING. Part Number: REPC316705. Next, take the cleaner and spray the hot wire from a distance of approximately 5-10 inches. Let the MAF sensor sit on the towel for a minute to dry. Description: MAF housing engineered to fit mass air flow sensor for 2001-2007 Chevy & GMC trucks equipped with 6. Mass Air Flow Sensor With OE Number: 226807S000. Some are easy to check and correct yourself, such as a dirty air filter or mass air flow sensor. $1488. See all 2 options. Product Details. Our air straighteners are suitable for high-temp applications, they will hold up to being exposed to fuels as well as methanol injection. This information is sent to the engine computer to calculate the amount of fuel the engine needs for the correct fuel mixture. Material: Plastic. If the mass air flow sensor is severely damaged, the driver should perform the replacement steps in the sequence below: Step 1: Open the hood and turn off your car’s ignition. Vehicle may idle rough and stall. The mass air flow sensor, or MAF sensor, is an important part of the fuel injection system on your Chevy Silverado. This information is then used by the ECU to calculate the amount of fuel needed for the correct air-fuel mixture. NewYall Mass Air Flow MAF Sensor with Housing. This could happen while speeding up on the highway on-ramp or cruising down a city street. If the mass air flow sensor has failed or needs to be cleaned, this can cause especially rich or lean fuel. Check My Flow. 8 & More -. Use a screwdriver to loosen the screws on each side of the MAF that secure it to the air filter and intake pipe. 5L, MAF Sensor Airflow Replace 07C906461 Bodeman - MAF Mass Air Flow Sensor Assembly for 2003-2011 Volvo C30 C70 S40 V50 XC70 XC90 [2. Some MAF sensors have an intake. The mass air flow sensor is cleaned by removing it from the air cleaner housing, and spraying the sensor bulb and bare wires with MAF cleaner. 2TDCI Air cleaner housing. Don’t forget to spray the terminals. In the fuel injection system, the mass air flow sensor measures the air flow into the engine. Take the vehicle on a wide-open throttle test drive and record the MAF sensor signal in grams per second. This information is sent to the engine computer which uses it to calculate the amount of fuel that is needed for the proper air and fuel mixture. 7cfm). My info says it's attached to the intake air housing. As far as I can tell, the mass air flow sensor (MAF) for the ABY S2 is the same as that for the RR Urq, the 3B S2 and 200 20vt and the UrS4 and UrS6 (all same PN 034133471K)(Bosch 0 280 213 007). As you may already know, it's this signal that the computer uses to calculate how much fuel to inject. Mounted in the air intake duct or air filter housing, a sensor detects the air density as it heads into the engine intake to be mixed with fuel. How does a mass air flow sensor work? Modern mass air flow sensors use either a hot wire(s) or hot film element. First of all you have to find your Mass Airflow Sensor. Ensure MAF Configuration in ServiceMaxx matches ISIS. The MAF also incorporates an internal intake air temperature sensor, which measures the temperature of the intake air. $55. 0L V6 engine) can be tested in 3 easy test steps, and this article will show just how. Namely, it measures the amount of air (mass flow of air) entering the internal combustion engine. The 3. The code P0102 is set when the signal from the mass air flow. 1 Year Limited Warranty. The C&L Performance 80MM Mass Air Meter Sensor is great for modified and custom applications where the stock mass air meter "pegs" due to increased air flow. com. IAT is located beside the . Cardone 74-4712 Remanufactured Mass Airflow Sensor (MAFS) Walker Products 200-1044 Throttle Position Sensor. The ECM utilizes the output signal to precisely schedule fuel injection, creating an optimal air-fuel ratio. If you disconnect the mass airflow sensor, then the car should keep running and still be able to start normally. This engine-load device is responsible for long-term fuel trim and for injector pulse rate. Backprobe the sensor’s signal (+) wire with your meter’s red lead, and the ground (-) wire with your meter’s black lead. Step 1 – Removing Original Sensor. This is why I am confused on which reading to believe. +. The most common designs use a thin resistive wire (usually platinum) that hangs down into the air flow. Step 1: Disconnect the electrical connector from the mass air flow sensor. Housing . Problem solved. The mass air flow (MAF) sensor is a small device which quickly detects the volume of air entering the intake manifold and relays this information to the car’s computer system. There is a factory service bulletin for the following Nissan Models: 2011. This information is then used by the ECU to calculate the amount of fuel needed for the correct air-fuel mixture. Hitachi MAF with housing (add “X” to part number for remanufactured) 1J0 973 705: 1: Housing (aka plug) 4A0 906 102: 1:. It should be smooth and vary with accelerator push. 99. "The mass air flow sensor, or MAF sensor, on your GMC Sierra measures the airflow into the engine and sends this information to the engine computer. Last. 7. The mass air flow (MAF) sensor of your 1995-1999 Nissan Maxima (equipped with a 3. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases. $19. Mass Air Flow Sensors (a. 3 out of 5 stars. Billet 3" taper from 3. I removed the MAF sensor (3-wire electronic plug labeled ABC) next to air flow housing. CRC MAF and Throttle Body Single-Use Twin Pack, 1 Kit: Cleans mass air flow sensors and housing for fuel-injected gasoline engines (both throttle body and multi-port). Tab: $120. The actual MAP sensor is on the manifold. Even though we used a 2006 530xi to perform this repair, this article can be applied to any BMW vehicle with the N52 engine including most 2004-2013 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, X1, X3, X5, and Z4 models minor modifications to. They recommended changing the K&N Typhoon back to stock. across the back of the vehicle housing an exhaust flow sensor [15, 26 – 28]. Frequently asked questions. Mondeo 2. 1 Year Limited Warranty. Performance MRP mass air flow housings are the highest quality housings on the market. Number Of Terminals: 8. YOUR CAR HESITATES OR SUDDENLY JERKS FORWARD WHILE ACCELERATING. P1124 – Oxygen sensing adaptation range 1 (cyl. Usually, you'll find it between the air filter housing and throttle body. Removal was very easy, MAF is located on top of air intake valve behind the air filter housing. Line: HLA. The air mass information is necessary for the engine control unit (ECU) to balance and deliver the correct fuel mass to the engine. 0L, 3-cylinder, turbocharged petrol engine. $7549. P0100 Code means that the powertrain control module (PCM) perceives a problem with the Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor or circuit. This information is then used by the ECU to calculate the amount of fuel needed for the correct air-fuel mixture. Place the sensor on a towel for cleaning. Remove the connector and then the fastening screws. The MAF sensor is used in the intake system and it is designed to measure the amount of air flowing into an engine. A Mass Airflow sensor also known as an “air meter,” measures the air coming into the intake system and transmits this information to the ECM. How to Remove the MAF Sensor and/or Housing. 1. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchasesBuy NewYall MAF Mass Air Flow Sensor 5 Prong with Housing: Mass Air Flow - Amazon. The MAF sensor is typically located between the air filter and the engine intake manifold. 6L Duramax engines Measures 6" in length CNC machined from 6061 billet. FREE delivery Thu, Sep 28 . ROADFAR 0 280 218 190 Mass Air Flow Sensor MAF FITS for 2006-2011 for Mercedes-Benz R350 3. Mass Air Flow CleanerFor all gas and diesel vehicles equipped with MAF sensors. This is one of the airbox bolts. . 1-3) at enrichment limit. The ECM utilizes the output signal to precisely schedule fuel injection, creating an optimal air-fuel ratio. MAF Sensor Bung, Aluminum Alloy Mass Air Flow Sensor MAF Bung Mount Weld Flange Replacement Fit for LS3 LS7 LS9 MAF Air Flow Sensor Welding Bung, Silver, with Screws. 8 offers from $10. 19. TEST 3: Testing The MAF Signal Circuit. Make sure you only pull on the connector and not the wires. A-Premium MAF Mass Air Flow Sensor Compatible with BMW X1 X3 X4 X5 X6 135i 335i 435i 528i 535i 640i 740i 740Li M235i GT xDrive Gran Coupe ActiveHybrid 5 7. P0101: Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Problem. Voltage (V): 12 Volt. 1. It had been brought in as the EML was on with the fault code P0102 Mass Air Flow MAF Circuit Low. Fits: 2003-2006 Nissan 350Z NewYall Mass Air Flow MAF Sensor with Housing. g. You can run a car without a mass airflow sensor, but it's highly inadvisable. 7L V8:. Check Vehicle Fit. 303 Stainless Steel mass air flow sensor adapter flanges. , exhaust modificat. ) Locate the MAF sensor on the top of the air intake, facing slightly back. 4. You only have to reprogram the computer if necessary. AdvanEX Mass Air Flow Sensor MAF Compatible with Chevrolet Silverado Suburban Escalade Tahoe Yukon 99-07 /Cadillac Rainier Deville Eldorado 00-05 /Pontiac 05-06 Replaces OE 213 4160 25318411 86-8411. Only 12 left in stock - order soon. Obviously the air cleaner housing has to be removed for access. 4. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases. 95. For Isuzu 2004-2009 FXR, 2005-2009 NPR / NPR-HD / NQR / NRR. $3499. 5" draw through with flange - Black. Buy A-Premium Mass Air Flow Sensor Meter [5-Pins]. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases Mass Air Flow Sensor, Sensor With Housing. Brand Information. A bad or malfunctioning Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor can cause a range of problems in a modern fuel-injected engine. NewYall MAF Mass Airflow Sensor Visit the NewYall Store 2. A normal mass air flow sensor reading will vary between 2 to 7 grams/second and between 15 to 25 grams/s at 2500rpm. Everyone I have tuned have been off from stock. ACDelco 19330121 mass air flow sensor. In fact, mass air flow (MAF) determined using the speed-density method was found to be more accurate than direct measurement by a mass air flow meterPierburg MAF Sensor - 7. High air flow (high mass) gives high voltage. To get a reading, snap the throttle open and observe the pattern. Basically this means that there is a problem with the Mass Air Flow High (MAF) sensor or circuit. Turn off the car engine, take the keys out of the ignition and let the engine cool. P0299 - Engine Underboost. MAF sensor in a 2006-2015 automotive diesel engine. 1-3) at enrichment limit. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. Quick test to tell if Mass Air Flow Sensor is bad or dirty which could be causing your car or truck to run bad or keep cutting off. the mass air flow sensor is located between the air filter housing and the air inlet to the intake manifold, remove the two band clamps holding the maf sensor, clean when cold with CRC mass air flow sensor,remember to take off the three wire plug to the maf sensor,get back to me if you need more help,please. Mass airflow sensor performance is often characterized by frequency testing, especially for hot-film or hot-wire based systems. Add to Cart NewYall. Mass Air Flow Sensor With OE Number: 222040D030, 2220422010. These codes indicate an issue with the fuel and air metering system. Will a bad MAF sensor throw a code? Yes, a bad mass air flow (MAF) sensor can throw a code as it is a component of an engine’s onboard diagnostics system. Voltage (V): 12 Volt. This problem with various codes has been happening for a while now. A mass air flow (or MAF) sensor placed just before the intake manifold measures the instantaneous rate of air entering the combustion chamber. Reinstall the MAF sensor into the air intake duct. 8 - Replaces 25168491, AF10043, 25318411. The heat generated by the hot wire is reduced as the intake air flows around it. Sale $18. 22 $ 65. 22. $18. In this photo the sensor is old and the screws which hold the MAF sensor unit in the main housing had corroded. Shop for the best Mass Air Flow Sensor (MAF) for your vehicle, and you can place your order online and pick up for free at your local O'Reilly Auto Parts. If the mass air flow sensor has failed or needs to be cleaned, this can cause especially rich or lean fuel mixtures. 22. Bosch is an original equipment global leader in mass air flow technology. Fits: 2003-2006 Nissan 350ZDigiAutoPart Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Connector wiring harnesses 3U2Z14S411FJAB. Check the connector for a correct fit and good contact. The mass air flow sensor (MAF) is used to measure the amount and temperature of air that is entering the engine at any one time. In. Add to Cart NewYall MAF Mass Air Flow Sensor 5 Prong with Housing 13 $3937$52. Package Depth. Inspect the rubber O-ring that seals the sensor to the air cleaner housing. Plastic. This part of this test article includes. 3. step 2 :Installing the MAF Sensor. Disconnect the negative terminal on the battery. The sensor is located near the engine air filter housing. Read FAQ. Cleaning The Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor. NOTE: The test light should be illuminated and bright. Here are a few reasons you might be experiencing symptoms of a bad mass air flow sensor: Contamination: Dirt, dust, or debris can accumulate on the sensor's wire or film, impairing its function and causing false readings. Hola Elige tu dirección Auto. What Does the Mass Air Flow Sensor Look Like? This image shows an example of a MAF sensor that is representative of all MAF sensor designs. H-B80F 80mm Draw Through MAF Housing w/Flange 3″ – 3. Spectra Premium MA157 Mass Air Flow Sensor with Housing. 2. 96. El sensor MAF (Sensor de flujo de masa de aire) -en inglés Mass Air Flow- es el encargado de medir la cantidad de aire que entra al motor. The mass airflow sensor (MAF) measures the amount of air entering the engine. Sold by NewYallDirect and ships from Amazon Fulfillment. 7 out of 5 stars 47. TEST 3: Testing The 5 V Reference Signal. $ 49. In some vehicles (e. While pulling the connector, squeeze the tab on either side of the harness. It is crucial that the MAF sensor reports with 100% accuracy to ensure peak performance, fuel economy and reduced. Locate the sensitive hot-wire anemometers inside the MAF sensor housing. To get a reading, snap the throttle open and observe the pattern. Mass Air Flow Sensor Sensor Module With Housing. In conjunction with the air temperature sensor, the MAF sensor determines the density of the air entering the engine. Remove the MAF sensor wiring harness. 97-00 FORD RANGER OEM MASS AIR FLOW MAF SENSOR & HOUSING - 2. It is usually located on or near the air filter box. Refer to your car manual for the specific location of your. How to Clean a Mass Air Flow Sensor 1. The MAF sensor slides into the intake and then is screwed in. The Ford Mustang's MAF or mass air flow sensor measures the rate at which air enters the engine. 8. It measures the amount of air (volume) in the intake flow by way of a thin wire mounted in the air stream. How to replace mass air flow sensor on your car, DIY with Scotty Kilmer. Replaced with a new one and the problems are gone. At CorkSport we’ve had a lot of questions over the years about mass air flow (MAF) signals. We need to remove the sensor itself from the housing. As more air is drawn into the engine, the airflow. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for NewYall Mass Air Flow MAF Sensor at Amazon. Read and follow the MAF sensor cleaner instructions to clean off the sensor. com. In the case of the MAF sensor, the code will be between P0100 to P0199. Attachment Method: Bolt-On. com: NewYall Mass Air Flow MAF Sensor : Automotriz. FRAM Extra Guard CA6900 Replacement Engine Air Filter for Select Infiniti and Nissan Models, Provides Up to 12 Months or 12,000 Miles Filter Protection, White. Ship fast and save more on NissanPartsDeal. 35 YE - 492 - Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Signal B - 0. This information is used by the engine computer to calculate the correct amount of fuel that is. Clean the Sensor. Pre-calibrated 73mm MAF. Line up the air box cover peg with the MAF sensor hole. So, thoughts like whether to trust this brand should be immediately washed out because the MAF sensors from this brand perfectly fits a GM vehicle and offer high-quality. Position the MAF sensor on the throttle body. It isnt just the MAF , any change before or after the MAF also can change the fueling , its how the air hits the MAF sensor it self as much as the size. Use with Throttle Body & Air-Inta. The flow bench tested design of the JET mass air sensors provide airflow increases of up to 45 percent and installs in 10 minutes or less. Recommended tools: OBD2 Code Reader / automotive scan tool > Data trouble codes: using an OBD2 code reader take note of any DTC present in the ECU memory. 12 x 9 x 8 inches. NewYall Mass Air Flow MAF Sensor with Housing. A defective MAF sensor can cause engine stalling, a rough running engine, and a check engine light for trouble codes like code P0171. This is. Hella Air Mass Sensor - 009142591. This replacement housing includes one (1) new OEM Mass Air Flow Sensor and OEM MAF O-Ring. 98. Color: Black. •Faulty sensor (IMT, IMP or MAF) •Large intake air system leak/exhaust leak (Large CAC leak, stuck open EGRV) •Plugged air filter. The mass air flow sensor on your Sentra can become dirty or fail. We're sorry, there is no Buyers Guide available for this item. Part #: 358166431. 2. The MAF sensor measures the airflow into the motor and sends this information to the engine computer. If the mass air flow sensor has failed or needs to be cleaned, this can cause especially rich or lean fuel mixtures. X AUTOHAUX 22204-0D010 Mass Air Flow Meter Sensor for Toyota Corolla 2000-2002. Backed by Bosch Limited Lifetime Warranty. A Mass Air Flow Sensor costs $100 and $400 and you can expect the labor costs to be $40 to $150. 5-4. Actual mass air flow is calculated in the ECU from this number and the ecu believes it has a stock sized housing. In addition, fuel economy will decrease. If the reading is approximately 0. 0L 2. undo the two torx screws that hold the intake pipe to the radiator support, 3. For GMC: 2005-2009 W4500 Forward / W5500 Forward / W5500HD Forward. $3499. See the diagram. 0:28. The 1994 and later C4 models used a AC/Delco MAF that heated the wire to 200 C. The mass air flow sensor, or MAF sensor, on your Ford Ranger measures the mass flow rate of the air that is entering the engine. This multi-purpose cleaning spray utilizes quick-drying hexane-based chemicals that are free of alcohol, enabling it to quickly remove oil, dirt, fibers, and dust. Connect the battery ground cable. Buy Evan-Fischer Mass Air Flow Sensor compatible with CADILLAC ESCALADE/YUKON 07-08 with housing 8 Cyl 6. All of our housings are designed, CNC machined, and TIG welded in the USA. Notes : With housing Configuration : 3-Prong Blade Male Terminal; 1 Female Connector Quantity Sold : Sold individually. 8. $65. Also known as the plug-in hot wire type, it consists of a. Item: AED 242. So, after checking the codes I started the truck, and then. It’s responsible for increased performance and fuel economy on many engines, and for the elimination. P0102 – Oxygen sensing adaptation range 2 (cyl. Will support 650WHP. Mass Air Flow Sensor Meter MAF Compatible with Nissan 350Z 370Z Altima Frontier Murano NV1500 NV2500 NV3500 Xterra Infiniti EX35 FX37 G35 G37 QX56 Replaces. Air changes its density with. 1. $39. 5L,2008 for Mercedes-Benz R550 5. Otherwise, the sensor is considered damaged. Check Vehicle Fit. 5t with 2. This information is then used by the ECU to calculate the amount of fuel needed for the correct air-fuel mixture. Use a screwdriver to tighten down the clamps on the air intake duct. 7. In conjunction with the air temperature sensor, the MAF sensor determines the density of the air entering the engine. Next, open the hood of the Mazda and disconnect the battery. Or fastest delivery Wed, Oct 25 . It is actually located under the engine cover. Once removed from the van, this is what you will have sitting on your driveway! The MAF sensor unscrews from the airbox with a Torx bit (T30). Includes PIG-V. 0L (4V) and 6. NOTE: The test light should be illuminated and bright. This C&L 73mm Mass Air Meter Housing is available already calibrated for use with 19lb, 24lb, 30lb or 36/38lb fuel injectors saving you time, money,. 22 AED 257. $20. Replacing the sensor is easy. A dirty air filter can cause a bad mass air flow sensor with no check engine light. 5L,. Kit . Our service team is available 7 days a week, Monday - Friday from 6 AM to 5 PM PST, Saturday - Sunday 7 AM - 4 PM PST. Note that in all cases, the MAF sensor will always be located in the intake tract as shown here, but sometimes, the MAF sensor housing may not attach directly to the throttle body. Output signal of MAF, made by BOSCH is a variable voltage in the range 1 - 5V, whose value depends on the mass of air flow through the sensor. 1. 63D 8. In that case, it indicates that your MAF sensor is faulty and needs to be. Since the inception of OBD-II, Ford vehicles with EEC-V computer control systems have used the mass-air-flow (MAF) sensor as a primary input for fuel-system control. The MAF sensor is used by the PCM to directly measure weight (or mass) of air that enters the engine to control fuel delivery. This information is used by the ECU to calculate the correct fuel mixture for optimal performance and efficiency. The mass air flow (MAF) sensor measures the mass flow rate of air entering the engine. Check the voltage supply with the ignition switched on (circuit diagram for pin assignment is necessary). 4. Make sure the meter’s leads are away from moving engine components. Last. 0-liter engine. 5-wire mass air flow sensor wiring diagram. Voltage (V): 12 Volt. (Before installation, please check whether the new air flow sensor is leaking or damaged. It’s usually between the air filter box and throttle body on the driver’s side. This information is then used by the ECU to calculate the amount of fuel needed for the correct air-fuel mixture. In many cases, if no other issues found, the mass air flow sensor may need to be replaced. MAF Sensor Bung, Aluminum Alloy Mass Air Flow Sensor MAF Bung Mount Weld Flange Replacement Fit for LS3 LS7 LS9 MAF Air Flow Sensor Welding Bung, Silver, with Screws. 28342. The mass air flow sensor, or MAF sensor, for your Buick LeSabre measures the mass flow rate of the air that flows to the engine through the air intake. The most common reason for a mass air flow sensor to go bad is the sensor hot wire/hot film surface contamination, commonly referred to as a dirty mass air flow sensor. Exposure to water or oil: When moisture from water or oil vapor enters the intake system, it can coat the MAF sensor. As an alternative allowing relatively simple fit of a PEMS on. 5 3 ratings $3579 FREE Returns About this item For Chevrolet Cruze Sedan 1. The mass air flow sensor (MAF) has become a standard part on most engine applications and is mounted in the intake air stream just past the air filter. 7 out of 5 stars. Limited Lifetime Warranty. This information is then used by the ECU to calculate the amount of fuel needed for the correct air-fuel mixture. How to Replace a Bad Mass Air Flow Sensor . 0L 3. FREE delivery Thu, Aug 24 . FREE delivery Thu, Oct 26 . This information is sent to the engine computer which uses it to calculate the amount of fuel that is needed for the proper air and fuel mixture. Number Of Terminals: 8. 2. The next step is to make sure the MAF sensor has Ground, for this, go to: TEST 2: Making Sure The MAF Sensor Is Getting Chassis Ground. This information is then used by the ECU to calculate the amount of fuel needed for the correct air-fuel mixture. Buy NewYall MAF Mass Air Flow Sensor 5 Prong with Housing: Mass Air Flow - Amazon. Performance MRP mass air flow Housings utilize an open cell, honey comb, air flow straightener to create a laminar air flow and significantly reduce turbulence at the MAF sensor. $3449. Mass Air Flow Sensors. Aftermarket. 5L 4. A tremendous lack of power upon acceleration. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for NewYall MAF Mass Air Flow Sensor 5 Prong with Housing at Amazon. Voltage (V): 12 Volt. The mass air flow sensor, or MAF sensor, is an important part of the fuel injection system on your Chevy Silverado. $2299. Items 1-18 of 18. 49 $ 15. Based on these real-time inputs, the engine control unit estimates the amount of fuel mass needed to keep air and fuel in balance. Remove the Sensor. The mass air flow (MAF) sensor measures the mass flow rate of air entering the engine. The air mass information is necessary for the engine control unit (ECU) to balance and deliver the correct fuel mass to the engine. Begin by removing the old sensor. Made in the USA. Disconnect the mass airflow sensor. Hola Elige tu dirección. Black Plastic Housing, Cold Air Tuning, Electronics, Chevy, 6. Also have code P0112. This information is then used by the ECU to calculate the amount of fuel needed for the correct air-fuel mixture.